Reconfigurable antenna multiple access for millimeter wave systems

ABSTRACT

A system may include a radio frequency chain configured to process a signal. The system may further include a reconfigurable antenna including multiple antenna feeds, each of the antenna feeds associated with a beam direction. The system may also include a beam selection network configured to couple the radio frequency chain to a first antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generate a first beam in a first direction, and simultaneously couple the radio frequency chain to a second antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generate a second beam in a second direction.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This disclosure is a continuation of and claims priority to and thebenefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/209,350, filed on Dec. 4,2018, and entitled “Reconfigurable Antenna Multiple Access forMillimeter Wave Systems,” now published as U.S. Patent App. PublicationNo. 2019/0356359, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/674293, filed on May 21, 2018 andentitled “Reconfigurable Antennas in MM Wave MIMO Systems,” the contentsof each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentireties.

GOVERNMENT LICENSE RIGHTS

This invention was made with government support under NSF Award No.1642865. The government has certain rights in the invention.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure is generally related to reconfigurable antennas, and, inparticular, to multiple access millimeter wave antenna systems.

BACKGROUND

Millimeter-wave communications (e.g., within a 30-300 GHz range) maybecome an important part of 5th generation (5G) technologies. In orderto communicate with multiple user devices, typical millimeter-wavecommunication systems may rely on non-orthogonal multiple accesstechniques to enhance spectral efficiency. While orthogonal multipleaccess techniques are performed in one of the time domains, thefrequency domain, or the code domain, non-orthogonal multiple accesstechniques are performed in the power domain. As such, non-orthogonalmultiple access techniques may result in more complex hardware at areceiving device, which may be prohibitive for 5G systems.

Further, reconfigurable antennas may enable the formation of multiplesteerable beams. However, when non-orthogonal multiple access techniquesare applied to reconfigurable antennas, the system may exhibit a reducedachievable data transfer rate due to power division among the beams. Assuch, when taking into account limitations in radio frequency circuitryand the division of transmitted power between multiple access beams,typical millimeter-wave non-orthogonal multiple access systems do notoperate efficiently. Other disadvantages may exist.

SUMMARY

Disclosed is a reconfigurable antenna multiple access system thatovercomes at least one of the described disadvantages of typicalnon-orthogonal multiple access systems. In an embodiment, a systemincludes a single radio frequency chain that upconverts only one signalof multiple signals intended for multiple user devices. The radiofrequency chain is coupled to a reconfigurable antenna that includesmultiple antenna feeds to form multiple radiation beams. The upconvertedsignal is transmitted through at least one of the multiple radiationbeams. The system further compares a phase of the first signal to aphase of a second signal and shifts the phase at an antenna feedassociated with a second beam. As such, the second signal is regeneratedfrom the first signal at the antenna feed and is transmitted through atleast a second radiation beam of the multiple radiation beams.

In an embodiment, a system includes a radio frequency chain configuredto process a signal. The system further includes a reconfigurableantenna including multiple antenna feeds, each of the antenna feedsassociated with a beam direction. The system also includes a beamselection network configured to couple the radio frequency chain to afirst antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generate a firstbeam in a first direction, and simultaneously couple the radio frequencychain to a second antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generatea second beam in a second direction.

In some embodiments, the multiple antenna feeds are tapered slot antennafeeds. In some embodiments, the system further includes a sphericaldielectric lens coupled to the tapered slot antenna feeds. In someembodiments, the reconfigurable antenna includes a plurality of activeantenna elements and a plurality of passive antenna elements. In someembodiments, each antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds isindependently controllable to modify a phase of the signal received atthe antenna feed. In some embodiments, the system includes a phasedetector configured to determine a phase difference between the signaland a second signal. In some embodiments, the system includes aprocessing circuit configured to allocate a first power level to thefirst beam and to allocate a second power level to the second beam. Insome embodiments, the radio frequency chain is configured todown-convert the signal when the signal is received from a remotedevice, or up-convert the signal when the signal is to be sent to theremote device. In some embodiments, the beam selection network isfurther configured to couple the radio frequency chain to at least oneadditional antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generate atleast one additional beam in an additional direction.

In an embodiment, a method includes processing a signal at a first radiofrequency chain. The method further includes routing a first signalcomponent between the first radio frequency chain and a first antennafeed of a first reconfigurable antenna to generate a first beam in afirst direction, and simultaneously routing the first signal componentbetween the first radio frequency chain and a second antenna feed of thefirst reconfigurable antenna to generate a second beam in a seconddirection.

In some embodiments, the method includes, at a first time allocation,transmitting or receiving the first signal component via the firstreconfigurable antenna and transmitting or receiving a second signalcomponent via a second reconfigurable antenna, and at a second timeallocation, transmitting or receiving the second signal component viathe first reconfigurable antenna and transmitting or receiving the firstsignal component via the second reconfigurable antenna. In someembodiments, the first signal component is a first component of amultiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) signal, and the second signalcomponent is a second component of the MIMO signal. In some embodiments,the method includes performing point-to-point communication with aremote device via the MIMO signal. In some embodiments, the methodincludes applying a rate-one complex-valued space-time block coding tothe MIMO signal.

In some embodiments, the method includes determining a phase differencebetween the first signal component and a second signal component, andshifting a phase of the first signal component at the second antennafeed to regenerate the second signal component. In some embodiments, thefirst signal component includes a communication for a first remotedevice, and wherein the second signal component includes communicationfor a second remote device. In some embodiments, the method includesallocating a first power level to the first beam, and allocating asecond power level to the second beam. In some embodiments, processingthe signal includes down-converting the signal when the signal isreceived from a remote device, or up-converting the signal when thesignal is to be sent to remote device. In some embodiments, the methodincludes routing the signal between the radio frequency chain and atleast one additional antenna feed to generate an additional beam in anadditional direction.

In an embodiment, a method includes processing a first signal at a radiofrequency chain to generate a first modulated signal. The method furtherincludes routing the first modulated signal from the radio frequencychain to a first antenna feed of a reconfigurable antenna to generate afirst beam in a first direction, while simultaneously routing the firstmodulated signal from the radio frequency chain to a second antenna feedof the reconfigurable antenna to generate a second beam in a seconddirection. The method also includes determining a phase differencebetween the first signal and a second signal. The method includesshifting a phase of the first modulated signal at the second antennafeed to generate a second modulate signal corresponding to the secondsignal, wherein the first modulated signal is transmitted via the firstbeam and the second modulated signal is transmitted via the second beam.

In some embodiments, the first signal includes a communication for afirst remote device, and the second signal includes communication for asecond remote device. In some embodiments, the method includesallocating a first power level to the first beam, and allocating asecond power level to the second beam.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a system forreconfigurable antenna multiple access communication with partialchannel state information.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a system forreconfigurable antenna multiple access communication with full channelstate information.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an embodiment of a reconfigurable antennafor use with a system for reconfigurable antenna multiple accesscommunication.

FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an embodiment of a reconfigurable antennafor use with a system for reconfigurable antenna multiple accesscommunication.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are charts depicting sum rate comparisons between areconfigurable antenna multiple access system and typical non-orthogonalmultiple access systems.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are charts depicting achievable rate comparisons betweenorthogonal multiple access systems, non-orthogonal multiple accesssystems, and a reconfigurable antenna multiple access system.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a system formultiple-input-multiple-output communication.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting a method for reconfigurable antennamultiple access communication.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting a method for reconfigurable antennamultiple access communication.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However,it should be understood that the disclosure is not intended to belimited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within thescope of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, an embodiment of a system 100 for reconfigurableantenna multiple access communication with partial channel stateinformation is depicted. The system 100 may be useable to suppressinter-user interference by transmitting only the intended signal foreach user at the same time, frequency, or code block. A first signal S1may be intended for a first remote user device 144, and a second signalS2 may be intended for a second remote user device 146. In someembodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the signals S1 and S2 may be drawn froma phase shift keying (PSK) constellation where S2 may be expressed interms of a phase shift of S1.

The system 100 may include a radio frequency chain 102, a beam selectionnetwork 118, a reconfigurable antenna 110, and a phase detector 150. Theradio frequency chain 102 may be configured to down-convert a signalwhen the signal is received from a remote device, or up-convert thesignal when the signal is to be sent to the remote device. The radiofrequency chain 102 may include any number of devices and componentsthat encode or decode a signal transmitted via airborne electromagneticradiation. As used herein, a single radio frequency chain includeselements that convert a single electronic signal, or a singlemultiplexed electronic signal, to a carrier wave signal suitable forairborne transmission, or that down converts a single carrier wavesignal received at an antenna to a single electronic signal, or a singlemultiplexed electronic signal. However, a single radio frequency chain102 excludes additional elements that may up-convert or down-convertadditional electronic signals, or additional multiplexed signals, toother carrier wave signals. As described further herein, a benefit ofthe system 100 is that multiple signals may be transmitted to multipledevices using a single radio frequency chain 102.

The reconfigurable antenna 110 may include multiple antenna feeds 112.For example, the multiple antenna feeds 112 may include a first antennafeed 114 and a second antenna feed 116. Each of the multiple antennafeeds 112 may be associated with a particular beam direction. Forexample, the first antenna feed 114 may be associated with a first beamdirection 124 and the second antenna feed 116 may be associated with asecond beam direction 126. As such, the reconfigurable antenna 110 maybe capable of forming multiple beams in multiple directions. Exampleembodiments of the reconfigurable antenna 110 are described furtherherein.

During operation, the radio frequency chain 102 may be configured toprocess (e.g., up-convert/down-convert) a signal (e.g., the signal S1).The beam selection network 118 may be configured to selectively couplethe radio frequency chain 102 to the first antenna feed 114 and thesecond antenna feed 116 simultaneously. By coupling the radio frequencychain 102 to the antenna feeds 114, 116, a first beam 134 is generatedin the first beam direction 124 and a second beam 136 is generated inthe second beam direction 126.

The phase detector 150 may be configured to determine a phase differencebetween the first signal S1 and the second signal S2. Further, each ofthe antenna feeds 112 of the reconfigurable antenna 110 may beindependently controllable to modify a phase of a received signalcomponent. As one example, each antenna feed may include a phase shiftercircuit (not shown). Other methods of modifying a phase of a signalcomponent may also be used, as would be appreciated by persons ofordinary skill in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure.

The first signal S1 may be applied to the first antenna feed 114 and maybe transmitted unchanged to a first remote user device 144 via the firstbeam 134. The first signal S1 may also be applied to the second antennafeed 116. The phase detector 150 may send an indication of the phasedifference between the first signal S1 and the second signal S2 to thebeam selection network 118. The second antenna feed 116 may then shiftthe phase of the first signal S1 at the second antenna feed 116 toregenerate the second signal S2 from the first signal S1. Theregenerated second signal S2 may be transmitted to a second remote userdevice 146 via the second beam 136.

The first signal S1 may include a communication for the first remoteuser device 144, and the second signal may include a communication forthe second remote user device 146. The radio frequency chain 102 may beconfigured to down-convert a signal when the signal is received from oneof the remote user devices 144, 146, or up-convert the signal when thesignal is to be sent to one of the remote user devices 144, 146.

A benefit of the system 100 is that it enables multiple accesscommunications using a single radio frequency chain. By onlyupconverting one of the signals (e.g., signal S1), system resources,such as power, may be conserved and additional hardware associated withadditional radio frequency chains may be omitted. Other advantages mayexist.

Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of a system 200 for reconfigurableantenna multiple access communication with full channel stateinformation is depicted. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the beam selectionnetwork 118 may be configured to select a power level associated witheach of the multiple antenna feeds 112. As such, unlike the embodimentof FIG. 1, the system 200 may allocate power unevenly among radiationbeams 134, 136 generated by the reconfigurable antenna 110.

The system 200 may further include a processing circuit 152. Theprocessing circuit 152 may be configured to allocate a first power levelto the first beam 134 and a second power level to the second beam 136.The processing circuit 152 may include any logic circuitry or processor,such as a microprocessor, with associated software to perform controlfunctions, as described herein. For example, in some embodiments theprocessing circuit 152 may include a central processing unit (CPU), agraphical processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), aperipheral interface controller (PIC), another type of microprocessor,and/or combinations thereof. It may be implemented as an integratedcircuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a combination of logic gate circuitry, othertypes of digital or analog electrical design components, or combinationsthereof.

During operation, the signal S1 may be processed by the radio frequencychain 102 and routed to the first antenna feed 114 and the secondantenna feed 116 to generate the first beam 134 and the second beam 136,respectively. The first beam 134 may be associated with a first powerlevel according to a power allocation strategy while the second beam 136may be associated with a second power level. The first beam 134 mayradiate in a first beam direction 124 for communication with a firstremote user device 144. The second beam 136 may radiate in a second beamdirection 126 for communication with a second remote user device 146.

Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment of a reconfigurable antenna 310 foruse with a system 300 for reconfigurable antenna multiple accesscommunication is depicted. The reconfigurable antenna 310 may correspondto the reconfigurable antenna 110. As shown in FIG. 3, the multipleantenna feeds 112 may be tapered slot antenna feeds. The antennareconfigurable 310 may further include a spherical dielectric lens 360coupled to the antenna feeds 112. The combination of the antenna feeds112 and the spherical dielectric lens 360 may produce highly directivebeams in far fields. The reconfigurable antenna 310 may be capable ofgenerating a radiation pattern 330 having many different beams indifferent directions depending on the number of antenna feeds 112.

As depicted in FIG. 3, the beam selection network 118 may couple a radiofrequency chain (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) to the first antenna feed114 to form the first beam 134 in the first beam direction 124 andcouple the radio frequency chain to the second antenna feed 116 to formthe second beam 136 in the second beam direction 126. Further, since anynumber of beams may be generated, the beam selection network 118 may befurther configured to couple the radio frequency chain to at least oneadditional antenna feed 318 of the multiple antenna feeds 112 togenerate at least one additional beam 338 in an additional direction328. As shown in FIG. 3, the radiation pattern 330 may includeadditional beams as well. The beam selection network 118 may allocatepower equally among the selected beams, or, in some embodiments, thebeam selection network 118 may be capable of allocating unequal power toselected antenna feeds 114, 116, 318 of the multiple antenna feeds 112.

Referring to FIG. 4, an embodiment of a reconfigurable antenna 410 foruse with a system for reconfigurable antenna multiple accesscommunication is depicted. The reconfigurable antenna 410 may correspondto the reconfigurable antenna 110. The reconfigurable antenna 410 mayinclude a plurality of active antenna elements 462 and a plurality ofpassive antenna elements 464 attached to a base or substrate 466. Anembodiment of the reconfigurable antenna 110 is further describe withreference to U.S. Pat. No. 9,917,365 filed on Mar. 13, 2018 and entitled“Reconfigurable Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Systems that SupportMultiple Beams”, the contents of which are hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

FIGS. 5A and 5B depict sum rate comparisons between the disclosedreconfigurable antenna multiple access system and typical non-orthogonalmultiple access systems. As can be seen in FIG. 5A, at symmetricchannels, the interference in non-orthogonal multiple access systems mayreduce the sum rate, leading to a considerable gap compared to thereconfigurable antenna multiple access system described herein. As such,the disclosed reconfigurable antenna multiple access system mayoutperform typical non-orthogonal multiple access systems with symmetricchannels. FIG. 5B shows asymmetric channel sum rate comparisons betweena reconfigurable antenna multiple access system configured with p₁/p=½(where pi is the power allocated to a first beam direction and p is thetotal power) and various configurations (e.g., p₁/p=½, p₁/p=¼, p₁/p=¾)of a non-orthogonal multiple access system, where pi is the powerallocated to a first user device. With respect to FIG. 5A, power may beallocated equally between each of two user devices (e.g., p₁=p₂). Asseen in FIG. 5B, for small values of (p|h₁|²/σ² ₁)/(p|h₂|²/σ² ₂), thedisclosed reconfigurable antenna multiple access system outperformstypical non-orthogonal multiple access systems, where h₁ is the complexchannel gain, σ² ₁ is the noise power in a first channel, and σ² ₂ isthe noise power in a second channel. For p₁/p=¾ and a large channel gaindifference, non-orthogonal multiple access systems may allocate morepower to a single user which can nearly achieve a maximum sum rate.However, overall the disclosed reconfigurable antenna multiple accesssystem outperforms typical non-orthogonal multiple access systems.

Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, an achievable rate comparison betweenorthogonal multiple access systems, non-orthogonal multiple accesssystems, and the disclosed reconfigurable antenna multiple access systemis depicted for one of two users. FIG. 6A depicts an achievable rateregion for a symmetric channel with p|h_(i)|²/σ² _(i)=15 dB for i=1, 2.FIG. 6B depicts an achievable rate region for an asymmetric channel withp|h_(i)|²/σ² ₁=30 dB and p|h₂|²/σ² ₂=0 dB. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B,the achievable rate region for the disclosed reconfigurable multipleaccess system is greater than that for typical orthogonal multipleaccess systems and non-orthogonal multiple access systems.

Referring to FIG. 7, an embodiment of a system 700 formultiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication is depicted. Thesystem 700 may include a first device 701 and a second device 751. Thefirst device 701 may include a processor 770, e.g., a digital signalprocessor (DSP), a first radio frequency chain 702, and a second radiofrequency chain 703. The first radio frequency chain 702 may drive afirst reconfigurable antenna 710. The first reconfigurable antenna 710may include multiple antenna feeds 712, e.g., tapered slot antennafeeds, such as a first antenna feed 714 and a second antenna feed 716.The first reconfigurable antenna 710 may further include a sphericaldielectric lens 740. The first device 701 may also include a first beamselection network 718 configured to selectively couple the first radiofrequency chain 702 to the multiple antenna feeds 712.

The second radio frequency chain 703 may drive a second reconfigurableantenna 711. The second reconfigurable antenna 711 may include multipleantenna feeds 713, e.g., tapered slot antenna feeds, such as a thirdantenna feed 715 and a fourth antenna feed 717. The secondreconfigurable antenna 711 may further include a spherical dielectriclens 741. The first device 701 may also include a second beam selectionnetwork 719 configured to selectively couple the second radio frequencychain 703 to the multiple antenna feeds 713.

Likewise, the second device 751 may include a second processor 771,e.g., a DSP, a third radio frequency chain 752, and a fourth radiofrequency chain 753. The third radio frequency chain 752 may drive athird reconfigurable antenna 760. The third reconfigurable antenna 760may include multiple antenna feeds 762, e.g., tapered slot antennafeeds, such as a fifth antenna feed 764 and a sixth antenna feed 766.The third reconfigurable antenna 760 may further include a thirdspherical dielectric lens 780. The second device 751 may also include athird beam selection network 768 configured to selectively couple thethird radio frequency chain 752 to the multiple antenna feeds 762.

The fourth radio frequency chain 753 may drive a fourth reconfigurableantenna 761. The fourth reconfigurable antenna 761 may include multipleantenna feeds 763, e.g., tapered slot antenna feeds, such as a seventhantenna feed 765 and an eighth antenna feed 767. The fourthreconfigurable antenna 761 may further include a fourth sphericaldielectric lens 781. The second device 751 may also include a fourthbeam selection network 769 configured to selectively couple the fourthradio frequency chain 753 to the multiple antenna feeds 763.

During operation, the first radio frequency chain 702 may be used toprocess a signal. A first signal component may be routed by the firstbeam selection network 718 between the first radio frequency chain 702and the first antenna feed 714 to generate a first beam 734 in a firstbeam direction 724. The first signal component may simultaneously berouted by the first beam selection network 718 between the first radiofrequency chain 702 and the second antenna feed 716 to generate a secondbeam 736 in a second beam direction 726.

Likewise, the second radio frequency chain 703 may be used to processthe signal. A second signal component may be routed by the second beamselection network 719 between the second radio frequency chain 703 andthe third antenna feed 715 to generate a third beam 735 in a third beamdirection 725. The second signal component may simultaneously be routedby the second beam selection network 719 between the second radiofrequency chain 703 and the fourth antenna feed 717 to generate a fourthbeam 737 in a fourth beam direction 727.

In this way, the first device 701 may perform MIMO communication. Forexample, at a first time allocation, the first signal component may betransmitted or received via the first reconfigurable antenna 710 and thesecond signal component may be transmitted or received via the secondreconfigurable antenna 711. At a second time allocation, the secondsignal component may be transmitted or received via the firstreconfigurable antenna 710 and the first signal component may betransmitted or received via the second reconfigurable antenna 711. Thefirst signal component may be a first component of a MIMO signal, andthe second signal component may be a second component of a MIMO signal.The processor 770 may be used to apply a rate-one complex-valuedspace-time block coding to the MIMO signal.

The system 700 may be configured to perform performing point-to-pointcommunication between the devices 701, 751. For example, as describedwith reference to the first device 701, the second device 751 maylikewise be configured to generate a fifth beam 784 in a fifth beamdirection 774, generate a sixth beam 786 in a sixth beam direction 776,generate a seventh beam 785 in a seventh beam direction 775, andgenerate an eighth beam 787 in a fifth beam direction 777, and totransmit a MIMO signal.

Although not depicted in FIG. 7, each of the radio frequency chains 702,703, 752, 753 may be associated with a phase detector, such as the phasedetector 150, and/or a processor, such as the processor 152 as describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. This may enable the first device 701and/or the second device 751 to conduct MIMO communication with multipleremote devices, as would be appreciated by persons of ordinary skill inthe art having the benefit of this disclosure.

A benefit of the system 700 is that MIMO communications may be performedusing a single radio frequency chain per reconfigurable antenna 710.Further, multiple access MIMO may be enabled. This may enable a simplerdesign and fewer hardware components as compared to typical MIMOcommunication devices. Other advantages may exist.

Referring to FIG. 8, a method 800 for reconfigurable antenna multipleaccess communication is depicted. The method 800 may include processinga signal at a first radio frequency chain, at 802. For example, thesignal S1 may be processed at the radio frequency chain 102. As anotherexample, a signal may be processed at the radio frequency chain 702.

The method 800 may further include routing a first signal componentbetween the first radio frequency chain and a first antenna feed of afirst reconfigurable antenna to generate a first beam in a firstdirection, and simultaneously routing the first signal component betweenthe first radio frequency chain and a second antenna feed of the firstreconfigurable antenna to generate a second beam in a second direction,at 804. For example, a first signal component may be routed between theradio frequency chain 102 and the first antenna feed 114 to generate thefirst beam 134 in the first beam direction 124. Simultaneously, thefirst signal component may be routed between the radio frequency chain102 and the second antenna feed 116 to generate the second beam 136 inthe second direction 126. Likewise, a first signal component may berouted between the first radio frequency chain 702 and the first antennafeed 714, while the first signal component is simultaneously routedbetween the first radio frequency chain 702 and the second antenna feed716.

A benefit of the method 800 is that multiple access communication may beenabled using a reconfigurable antenna coupled to a single radiofrequency chain. Further, MIMO communication may also be achieved byadding one or more additional radio frequency chains with acorresponding reconfigurable antenna (e.g., the second radio frequencychain 703 and the second reconfigurable antenna 711. Other advantagesmay exist.

Referring to FIG. 9, a method 900 for reconfigurable antenna multipleaccess communication is depicted. The method 900 may include processinga first signal at a radio frequency chain to generate a first modulatedsignal, at 902. For example, the signal S1 may be processed at the radiofrequency chain 102 to produce a first modulated signal.

The method 900 may further include routing the first modulated signalfrom the radio frequency chain to a first antenna feed of areconfigurable antenna to generate a first beam in a first direction,while simultaneously routing the first modulated signal from the radiofrequency chain to a second antenna feed of the reconfigurable antennato generate a second beam in a second direction, at 904. For example,the beam selection network 118 may route the modulated signalsimultaneously to the first antenna feed 114 and the second antenna feed116.

The method 900 may also include determining a phase difference betweenthe first signal and a second signal, at 906. For example, the phasedetector 150 may determine a phase difference between the first signalS1 and the second signal S2.

The method 900 may include shifting a phase of the first modulatedsignal at the second antenna feed to generate a second modulated signalcorresponding to the second signal, where the first modulated signal istransmitted via the first beam and the second modulated signal istransmitted via the second beam, at 908. For example, the phase of thefirst modulated signal may be shifted at the second antenna feed 116 togenerate a second modulated signal that corresponds to the second signalS2.

A benefit of the method 900 is that multiple access communication may beenabled using a reconfigurable antenna coupled to a single radiofrequency chain, which may result in fewer circuitry and less complexitythan a typical non-orthogonal multiple access system. Other advantagesmay exist.

Although various embodiments have been shown and described, the presentdisclosure is not so limited and will be understood to include all suchmodifications and variations as would be apparent to one skilled in theart.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: receiving a first signal fortransmission to a first device and receiving a second signal fortransmission to a second device; processing a first signal component ofthe first signal at a first radio frequency chain; routing the firstsignal component of the first signal to a first antenna feed of a firstreconfigurable antenna configured to generate a first beam in a firstdirection and simultaneously routing the first signal component of thefirst signal to a second antenna feed of the first reconfigurableantenna configured to generate a second beam in a second direction; anddetermining a phase difference between the first signal component of thefirst signal and a first signal component of the second signal, whereinthe second antenna feed is configured to shift a phase of the firstsignal component of the first signal based on the phase differencebetween the first signal component of the first signal and the firstsignal component of the second signal to regenerate the first signalcomponent of the second signal for transmission.
 2. The method of claim1, further comprising: processing a second signal component of the firstsignal at a second radio frequency chain; routing the second signalcomponent of the first signal to a first antenna feed of a secondreconfigurable antenna configured to generate a third beam in a thirddirection and simultaneously routing the second signal component of thefirst signal to a second antenna feed of the second reconfigurableantenna configured to generate a fourth beam in a fourth direction; anddetermining a phase difference between the second signal component ofthe first signal and a second signal component of the second signal,wherein the second antenna feed of the second reconfigurable antenna isconfigured to shift a phase of the second signal component of the firstsignal based on the phase difference between the second signal componentof the first signal and the second signal component of the second signalto regenerate the second signal component of the second signal fortransmission.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: at a firsttime allocation, transmitting the first signal component of the firstsignal and the first signal component of the second signal via the firstreconfigurable antenna and transmitting the second signal component ofthe first signal and the second signal component of the first signal viathe second reconfigurable antenna.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein thefirst signal is a first multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) signal,and the second signal is a second MIMO signal, the method furthercomprising: performing point-to-point communication with a first devicevia the first MIMO signal; and performing point-to-point communicationwith a second device via the second MIMO signal.
 5. The method of claim4, further comprising: applying a first rate-one complex-valuedspace-time block coding to the first MIMO signal; and applying a secondrate-one complex-valued space-time block coding to the second MIMOsignal.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: allocating a firstpower level to the first beam; and allocating a second power level tothe second beam.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the firstsignal component includes up-converting the first signal component. 8.The method of claim 1, wherein processing the first signal componentincludes down-converting the first signal component.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: sending an indication of the phasedifference between the first signal component of the first signal andthe first signal component of the second signal to a beam selectionnetwork.
 10. A system comprising: a radio frequency chain configured toprocess a first phase-key-modulated signal to be transmitted via a firstbeam; a phase detector configured to determine a phase differencebetween the first phase-key-modulated signal and a secondphase-key-modulated signal to be transmitted via a second beam; areconfigurable antenna including multiple antenna feeds, each of theantenna feeds associated with a beam direction; and a beam selectionnetwork configured to couple the radio frequency chain to a firstantenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generate a first beam in afirst direction, and simultaneously couple the radio frequency chain toa second antenna feed of the multiple antenna feeds to generate a secondbeam in a second direction, wherein the first antenna feed transmits thefirst phase-key-modulated signal, unchanged, via the first beam, andwherein the second antenna feed regenerates the secondphase-key-modulated signal by shifting a phase of the firstphase-key-modulated signal based on the phase difference and transmitsthe regenerated second phase-key-modulated signal via the second beamsimultaneous with transmission of the first phase-key-modulated signal.11. The system of claim 10, wherein the multiple antenna feeds aretapered slot antenna feeds, the system further comprising: a sphericaldielectric lens coupled to the tapered slot antenna feeds.
 12. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein the reconfigurable antenna includes aplurality of active antenna elements and a plurality of passive antennaelements.
 13. The system of claim 10, wherein each antenna feed of themultiple antenna feeds is independently controllable to modify a phaseof the signal received at the antenna feed.
 14. The system of claim 10,wherein the phase detector is configured to send an indication of thephase difference to the beam selection network.
 15. The system of claim10, further comprising: a processing circuit configured to allocate afirst power level to the first beam and to allocate a second power levelto the second beam.
 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the radiofrequency chain is configured to down-convert the signal when the signalis received from a remote device, or up-convert the signal when thesignal is to be sent to the remote device.
 17. The system of claim 10,wherein the beam selection network is further configured to couple theradio frequency chain to at least one additional antenna feed of themultiple antenna feeds to generate at least one additional beam in anadditional direction.
 18. A method comprising: processing a first signalat a radio frequency chain to generate a first modulated signal; routingthe first modulated signal from the radio frequency chain to a firstantenna feed of a reconfigurable antenna to generate a first beam in afirst direction, while simultaneously routing the first modulated signalfrom the radio frequency chain to a second antenna feed of thereconfigurable antenna to generate a second beam in a second direction;determining a phase difference between the first signal and a secondsignal; and shifting a phase of the first modulated signal at the secondantenna feed to generate a second modulate signal corresponding to thesecond signal, wherein the first modulated signal is transmitted via thefirst beam and the second modulated signal is transmitted via the secondbeam.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first signal includes acommunication for a first remote device, and wherein the second signalincludes communication for a second remote device.
 20. The method ofclaim 18, further comprising: allocating a first power level to thefirst beam; and allocating a second power level to the second beam.